Import and Export Licensing in Portugal: A Practical Guide for Businesses

Portugal, strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Africa, and the Americas, offers significant opportunities for international trade. However, engaging in import and export activities requires a thorough understanding of the country's regulatory framework, licensing requirements, and customs procedures. This guide aims to provide entrepreneurs and business professionals with a practical roadmap to navigate the intricacies of import and export licensing in Portugal, ensuring compliance and fostering smooth operations.

Understanding the Regulatory Landscape

Portugal, as a member state of the European Union (EU), adheres to both national and EU-wide regulations governing international trade. This dual regulatory environment means that businesses must comply with directives from the European Commission, particularly those related to the Common Commercial Policy, as well as specific Portuguese legislation. The primary national authority responsible for customs and excise duties is the Autoridade Tributária e Aduaneira (AT), or the Portuguese Tax and Customs Authority. Additionally, various ministries and agencies oversee specific product categories, such as health, agriculture, and defense.

For most goods traded within the EU single market, the principle of free movement of goods applies, meaning that import and export licenses are generally not required for goods originating from or destined for other EU member states, provided they comply with EU standards. However, for trade with non-EU countries (third countries), a more stringent set of rules and licensing requirements often comes into play. It is crucial for businesses to first determine the origin and destination of their goods to ascertain the applicable regulatory framework.

Key legislation includes the EU Customs Code (Regulation (EU) No 952/2013), which harmonizes customs procedures across the EU, and national laws that supplement these regulations, particularly concerning specific product categories, quotas, and prohibitions. Businesses should also be aware of international agreements and conventions to which Portugal is a signatory, as these can influence trade policies and licensing requirements.

Essential Permits and Licenses for Import and Export

While a general import/export license is not typically required for all goods in Portugal, specific permits and authorizations are necessary depending on the nature of the goods, their origin, and their destination. Understanding these specific requirements is paramount to avoid delays, penalties, and even seizure of goods.

EORI Number

The first and most fundamental requirement for any business engaged in import or export activities with non-EU countries is an Economic Operator Registration and Identification (EORI) number. This unique identification number, issued by the customs authority in an EU member state, is mandatory for all econom